Другие сближения: OIc. epli `apple' [n]; OHG apful, afful `apple' [n]; OIr. ubull `apple' [n]; W afal `apple' [m]
Примечания: {1} Apparently the Латышский words for `apple' and `clover' (da^buo^ls, da^buls, cf. Lith. doґbilas) were mixed up. The same may have happened in Old PРусский:, where we have wobilis `clover'.
Другие сближения: OIc. epli `apple' [n]; OHG apful, afful `apple' [n]; OIr. ubull `apple' [n]; W afal `apple' [m]
Примечания: {1} Apparently the Латышский words for `apple' and `clover' (da^buo^ls, da^buls, cf. Lith. doґbilas) were mixed up. The same may have happened in Old PРусский:, where we have wobilis `clover'.
Другие сближения: OIr. aball `apple-tree' [f]; W afall `apple-tree' [f]
Примечания: {1} According to Schuster-S№ewc (s.v. jabљonґ), USrb. jaboљnґ is a hapax. {2} The current modern Русский: form is jaґblonja. {3} We find several forms which indicate that we are dealing with an old consonant stem, e.g. Gens. oґbels or oґbeles, Genp. obelu§~.
Праславянская форма:*adati
Грамматические признаки: v.
Значение на праславянском: `investigate, explore'
Страница в ЭССЯ: I 52
Old Чешский:: jadati `investigate, explore' [verb]
Общая заметка: PSl. *agn- < *h2egє-n- (N.B. Winter's law) with the diminutive suffix *-ę < *-ent-, which is common in designations of young animals. Slavic forms without a secondary suffix do not exist.
Другие сближения: Gk. ўmnТj `lamb' [f/m]; Lat. agnus `lamb' [m] {1}
Примечания: {1} Slavic *agnędъ `black poplar', which Trubačev derives from the word for `lamb', may be related to Greek Ґmnoj `chaste-tree'. I tentatively posit a root *h2egґ- .
Общая заметка: In view of the Baltic forms as well as Ru. ja- (je- > ja- is common in West Slavic and western South Slavic but not in East Slavic), we must reconstruct *oЂs- < *Heh3-s- for Balto-Slavic. Unless the West and South Slavic forms with je-/o- continue ja- (cf. Sљawski SP I: 159), Slavic also offers evidence for the elsewhere in Indo-European widely attested stem shape *Hh3-es. The e-vocalism could be considered an example of Rozwadowski's change (see Andersen 1996).
Общая заметка: I endorse the hypothesis that the meaning `strong', attested in South Slavic and Upper Sorbian, is secondary, cf. Rum. tare `strong' from *talis `such' (Meyer-Lµbke 1935: 705).
Общая заметка: As far as I can see, there are no serious objections to the daring etymology *h1oh1kґu-ptr- `fast-flier' (Vey 1953). According to Vey, the Словенский: falling tone points to the former presence of a weak jer in the medial syllable, but it seems to me that the neo-circumflex may also reflect original posttonic length. The compound has nice parallels in Homeric ‡rhx зkЪpteroj N 62 `a swift-winged hawk (or falcon)' and Lat. accipiter `hawk, falcon'.
Другие сближения: Gk. зkЪpteroj (Il.) `swift-flying' [adj]; Lat. accipiter `hawk, falcon' [m]
Примечания: {1} The original Gsg. jastrzęba was replaced by jastrzębia on the analogy of goљa§b, Gsg. goљębia `pigeon' (Banґkowski 2000: 577).
Общая заметка: Though the details would remain unclear, there is definitely possibility that this is a substratum word showing prefixation of a non-Indo-European type (cf. Schrijver 1997: 307-312). Among the alternative solutions, the analysis *h1oh1kґu-sker-, a compound of the word for `quick' and the verbal root that is found in Gk. ska…rw `frisk' as well as probably Lith. ske†ry~s `harvestman, daddy-long-legs' and Latv. šk§i°rgai^lis2, seems the most attractive (Vey 1953, see also -> *astrębъ).
Другие сближения: Gk. ўskar…j `worm in the intestines, larva of a mosquit o' [f]; Gk. skar…dej: eЌdoj lm…nqwn (Hesych.)
Общая заметка: OLith. ovyje `in reality' is sometimes regarded as a borrowing from Slavic but there are no compelling arguments for this view. The absence of initial j- rather points in the direction of an etymological relationship, cf. jovnai `openly', which is a borrowing from BeloРусский:. In that case we would have to start from a PBSl. i-stem *ѓv-i- (cf. Anikin 1998: 21, see also s.v. javiti). On the other hand, it seems possible that the form ovyje, whose oldest attestations are two occurrences in Daukša, is based on Церковно-славянский: (j)avĕ. The Slavic adverb in turn may have been borrowed from Iranian (Lubotsky p.c.).
Другие сближения: Skt. ѓviґs• `apparently, noticeably' [adv]; Av. auuiš `apparently, evidently' [adv]
Примечания: {1} Lith. (arch.) ovytis `appear' derives from the i-stem which must underlie ovyje `in reality'. Fraenkel (I: 519) claims that ovytis `appear; rage' and Latv. a^vi^tie^s `talk nonsense, get up to mischief' are inherited words cognate with oґvaidas (< *avi-vaidas) `rowdy, braggart', while Lith. je†ґvaidas (< *jeva-vaidas) `ghost' and Latv. ja°vi^tie^s or ja^vi^tie^s `to behave like an idiot' are borrowings from Slavic (see also Anikin: 22). I am not convinced that this solution, which seems to rely exclusively on the presence or absence of j-, is correct. Moreover, it is not obvious that ovytis `appear' and ovytis (also jõvytis) `rage' are cognates. It seems quite possible that Lith. oґvaidas must be connected with Ukr. (dial.) jaґvida `devil', Ru. (dial.) jaґvidь `snake'.
).